Title: The lightnings in the forest ecosystem on the example of observations at Brzeg Forest District

Authors: CHOJNACKA-OŻGA, L., GOMÓŁKA, J., OŻGA, W.

Keywords: lighting, forest boundary, type of forest, soil

Abstract: The aim of the study was to preliminary define the factors affecting the formation of lightning gaps in forest areas in the lowland area. During realization of the research purpose, there was carried out the analysis of research materials inventory stands at the Brzeg Forest District, and their verification has been made during identifying the damage in the area. As a result of the studies, there were identified and characterized 110 lightning gaps. Individual trees were damaged in about 87% of cases. Damaged trees or groups of trees were mostly located at the southern and south-eastern edge of forests. In more than 90% cases, investigated objects were localized on the forest edge or at the maximum distance of 2 km inside the forest. The terrain had also the influence on lightning gaps occurrence – the trees situated on slope of acclivity were more frequently damaged. Almost 60% of lightnings had place on the types of soils which are appropriate for humid group of forest abodes. Most often species hit by lightnings were: oak – 72,5%; pinetree – 16,5%. Mainly the trees from first three places from Kraft’s classification were hit: oak – 1 (27%); 2 (35%); 3 (30%); pine tree – 1 (27%); 2 (52%); 3 (11%). The most exposed were the oldest trees in age of cutting down or around this age. These are mainly standstills or trees on the walls of forest stands.

APA style references: Chojnacka-Ożga, L., Gomółka, J. & Ożga, W. (2014). The lightnings in the forest ecosystem on the example of observations at Brzeg Forest District. Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 23 (3), 261-270.

APA style citation in text: The first time citation in text: (Chojnacka-Ożga, Gomółka & Ożga, 2014), next citation: (Chojnacka-Ożga et al., 2014)

Chicago style references: Chojnacka-Ożga, Longina, Jarosław Gomółka, Wojciech Ożga. "The lightnings in the forest ecosystem on the example of observations at Brzeg Forest District." Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 65 ser., vol. 23, no 3, (2014): 261-270.

Chicago style citation in text: (Chojnacka-Ożga, Gomółka, and Ożga 2014)

Bibtxt style references: @article{Chojnacka-Ożga_Gomółka_Ożga_2014_PNIKS, author={Chojnacka-Ożga, Longina and Gomółka, Jarosław and Ożga, Wojciech}, title={The lightnings in the forest ecosystem on the example of observations at Brzeg Forest District.}, journal={Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences}, URL={http://iks_pn.sggw.pl/PN65/A6/art6.pdf}, year={2014}, volume={23 (3)}, number={65}, pages={261-270}}

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