Title: Radiation balance in Koniczynka near Toruń in the years 2011–2012

Authors: KEJNA, M., USCKA-KOWALKOWSKA, J., ARAŹNY, A.

Keywords: radiation balance, short wave radiation, long wave radiation, integrated monitoring of environment, Koniczynka

Abstract: This article describes changes in individual components of the solar radiation balance in an annual and diurnal course at Koniczynka near Toruń in the years 2011–2012. Observations were conducted on grass-covered surfaces, using a Kipp & Zonen CNR 4 net radiometer. At Koniczynka, the annual total incoming solar radiation (K↓) amounted to 3901.1 MJ·m–2 in 2011 and 3840.1 MJ·m–2in 2012. Mean monthly values of the albedo ranged from 16 to 57% and exceeded 80% when the ground was covered by snow. The short wave radiation balance (K*) reached 3039.1 MJ·m–2 in 2011 and 3085.6 MJ·m–2 in 2012. The upward long wave terrestrial radiation (L↑) emitted from warmer surfaces was greater (11,431.5 MJ. m–2 in 2011 and 11,405.8 MJ·m–2 in 2012) than the downward long wave atmospheric radiation (10,032.8 MJ·m–2 and 10,050.4 MJ·m–2, respectively), therefore the long wave radiation balance (L*) was negative (–1398.7 MJ·m–2 and –1355.4 MJ·m–2, respectively). The net radiation balance (Q*) was negative in January and February 2011, and from November 2011 until January 2012, as well as in December 2012, with the lowest values in December 2011 (–40.9 MJ·m–2). The highest values of Q* were observed in June 2011 (386.4 MJ·m–2) and July 2012 (341.1 MJ·m–2). All in all, the ground surface at Koniczynka received 1640.4 MJ·m–2 in 2011 and 1730.2 MJ·m–2 in 2012. The net radiation balance at Koniczynka follows a diurnal and an annual cycle, disturbed by cloudiness, water vapour and aerosols.

APA style references: Kejna, M., Uscka-Kowalkowska, J. & Araźny, A. (2014). Radiation balance in Koniczynka near Toruń in the years 2011–2012. Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 23 (1), 26-42.

APA style citation in text: The first time citation in text: (Kejna, Uscka-Kowalkowska & Araźny, 2014), next citation: (Kejna et al., 2014)

Chicago style references: Kejna, Marek, Joanna Uscka-Kowalkowska, Andrzej Araźny. "Radiation balance in Koniczynka near Toruń in the years 2011–2012." Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 63 ser., vol. 23, no 1, (2014): 26-42.

Chicago style citation in text: (Kejna, Uscka-Kowalkowska, and Araźny 2014)

Bibtxt style references: @article{Kejna_Uscka-Kowalkowska_Araźny_2014_PNIKS, author={Kejna, Marek and Uscka-Kowalkowska, Joanna and Araźny, Andrzej}, title={Radiation balance in Koniczynka near Toruń in the years 2011–2012.}, journal={Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences}, URL={http://iks_pn.sggw.pl/PN63/A3/art3.pdf}, year={2014}, volume={23 (1)}, number={63}, pages={26-42}}

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