Title: Struvite crystallization from solutions at pH 9.5 and variable concentrations of the analyzed components

Authors: CZAJKOWSKA, J.

Keywords: struvite, waste water treatment

Abstract: The paper presents the results of crystallization of hydrated magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), with the chemical formula MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O, which by the occurrence of specific conditions has a tendency to create in a line of wastewater treatment plant sludge. Tests were performed at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Water and Sewage of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Precipitated struvite was obtained from a solution prepared on the basis of the following compounds: NH4Cl (NH4 + source), MgSO4 · 7H2O (Mg2+ source) and KH2PO4 (PO4 3- source) and distilled water by raising the pH to ~ 9.5. Tests were performed assuming three independent variables, namely: the concentration of NH4 + ions, the concentration of PO4 3- ions and Mg2+ ions. The objective was to determine the concentration of magnesium ions, which occurs by struvite crystallization. The studies are a continuation of initiated research about conditions of struvite crystallization.

APA style references: Czajkowska, J. (2012). Struvite crystallization from solutions at pH 9.5 and variable concentrations of the analyzed components. Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 21 (1), 38-45.

APA style citation in text: The first time citation in text: (Czajkowska, 2012), next citation: (Czajkowska, 2012)

Chicago style references: Czajkowska, Justyna. "Struvite crystallization from solutions at pH 9.5 and variable concentrations of the analyzed components." Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 55 ser., vol. 21, no 1, (2012): 38-45.

Chicago style citation in text: (Czajkowska 2012)

Bibtxt style references: @article{Czajkowska_2012_PNIKS, author={Czajkowska, Justyna}, title={Struvite crystallization from solutions at pH 9.5 and variable concentrations of the analyzed components.}, journal={Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences}, URL={http://iks_pn.sggw.pl/PN55/A4/art4.pdf}, year={2012}, volume={21 (1)}, number={55}, pages={38-45}}

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